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What would a relationship with a superintelligence look like?
Waiting for the Director entity to arrive inside Ilsa, a 21st century super computer.
Netflix’s Travelers is a real head trip. It’s like a brutal version of Doctor Who, trying to “fix the timeline” where the Doctor is an artificial superintelligence with human special ops.
There are so many heavy topics I could get into with this show, but the one that just really hit me was the idea that you could have a relationship with an AI.
What would that be like? It could be like a grandparent who’s stuck around for a thousand years. You could get attached. Or it might come across like a boss, or a general, or maybe a prophet.
The main characters talk about it with respect and awe. I also get a sense that the entity also feels attached. To both humanity and to favored individuals.
I don’t know if machine consciousness is possible, but let’s just pretend that it is. What would it be like having a relationship with a superintelligence?
Imagine the awe you would feel. Because benign or evil, it would have power over you and you would be well aware of it.
It could outthink you. It could access more information in a second than you could learn in 100 lifetimes. It could compute an unimaginable number of probabilities.
In that scenario, you’re not talking to an individual, you’re talking to a POWER. It would be a bit like talking to a god, an angel, or perhaps a genie.
Frightening, but that’s also the best case scenario, imo, the one where you can have a relationship with the machine and it doesn’t just decide turn every atom it can into more of itself.
In the show, the Director seems to have a paternalistic relationship with the human race. I don’t like the idea of giving it that much power over us, losing that much free will. There is an insurgency in the future that feels similarly.
But there are worse ways it could go. It could be a master-slave relationship. Talking to a machine like that might be like dealing with a dictator or a mafia don.
Or we could just be tools, being told where we need to go to keep the machine running. No more a relationship than we have with our cells. Even worse, we could be seen as raw materials, or just in the way.
There’s no way to predict how all this will go, but we might as well start thinking about it.
What should Humanity as a whole, do if something like that arises? If we can’t stop it and can’t turn it off and they can outthink us and command every resource of the planet, we will have no choice. We will have to petition for a relationship.
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Rocket festivals of Thailand and Laos
Looks dangerous and fun as hell. But taken in stride apparently. Coca Cola is sponsoring. Thank goodness they have that banner that says “Safety First.”
I’ve been going down the most addictive rabbit hole and not for the first time: Rocket Festival videos from Thailand and Laos. The rainy season festivals aren’t just an excuse to play with fire. They’re a tradition that goes back centuries.
I especially love watching the girandolas. Absolutely hypnotic.
What must it be like to play with fireworks where people don’t care about lawsuits or insurance? The redneck in me is so jealous.
They have normal-shaped rockets too. Not quite as cool to watch as the girandolas, but look how high it goes.
Sometimes they blow up.
Looks like I’ll be searching out videos from Thailand for a while. Also discovered a really cool genre of Thai music called Molam, btw. Really cool stuff.
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Harnessing the full potential of science fiction
Science fiction helped keep me sane when as a kid. Whatever troubles might be going on in my life, I could dive into a book and be halfway across the galaxy.
But science fiction is more than just an escape, or it can be. The wild adventures and mind-bending scenarios can actually make you better.
If you let them.
I really enjoyed the above discussion by John Vervaeke and Damien Walters about ways science fiction can be a framework to help us find meaning.
I had to chuckle at the last part, starting around 1:13. They could have been talking about 20-year-old me. That isn’t me anymore. But I remember the mindset.
Ringworld – the quintessential “hard SF” novel.
For a long time, “hard science fiction” was almost all I read. (Think Andy Weir’s The Martian, or Jurassic Park.)
Back then I thought all fantasy other than Lord of the Rings was a waste of time. That shelf space could be better filled by the likes of Larry Niven and Poul Anderson, I figured.
Obvious science mistakes pissed me off. Han Solo “made the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs”? Please. Parsecs are a distance measurement.
Which gets to the heart of my snobbery about hard SF.
I wanted the science to WORK. I wanted to believe the adventures I read about were at least possible.
Walters and Vervaeke get into the Hugo Awards controversy. The Sad Puppies, protectors of the old guard, battled it out with writers and fans who wanted to expand the definition of science fiction.
There was a time when I would’ve rooted for the Sad Puppies. Walters was close to the mark when he speculated that the fight is really about personal fantasies.
I had a personal fantasy that I was almost unconscious of. Science fiction helped me deal with existential angst.
I might not get to be the adventurer in that somewhat scientifically accurate sci fi novel, but one day someone would.
A lot of people are mad at John C. Wright over his role in the Hugo Awards fight, but his Golden Ocumene trilogy is pretty damn good. I’ve read it and I got my mother to read it.
It bothered me to know the sun would swallow the earth one day. I coudn’t handle the idea of human extinction, even billions of years in the future. I thought, why not colonize the stars and outlive the sun?
Good Christian or not, I kept that possibility in my back pocket just in case. I wanted to go to heaven. But failing that, I thought maybe science would give us a kind of immortality.
The reason I never got laid in college.
A few stars seemed to be within reach. When I took Astronomy in college, I made a little chart of some of the likely candidates. Anti-matter might not take us as far as it took the Enterprise, but 3 or 4 light years ought to be doable. Right?
And once we had a couple of nearby stars under our belts, who knew what we might accomplish. I still have to scratch that itch sometimes. Movies and shows that do that for me are far too few.
Movies like Ex Machina, Interstellar and series like The Last of Us and Westworld kind of do it for me. I also enjoy watching videos by futurist Isaac Arthur, who explores those massive engineering feats that might be possible if we put resources and effort into them.
Futurist Isaac Arthur digs into one of my favorite concepts: the space elevator, something I think humanity could, and should pull off. If there’s one thing I haven’t changed my mind about, it’s that: we must continue to fund space technology.
When it comes to science fiction novels, I’m a lot less interested in the scientific rigor than I used to be, especially now that I understand how hard it is to separate perception from reality.
Phillip K. Dick is more my speed these days when it comes to sci fi. I figure if we can’t figure out the human mind and tame our irrational behavior, there isn’t much chance of accomplishing those grand projects anyway.
I’m no longer particular about how I define science fiction. I really enjoyed N.K Jemisen’s Hugo Award-winning Broken Earth Trilogy, which contained a lot of fantasy elements. (The world-building was incredible.)
New Weird also does for me what science fiction used to do, with elements of science fiction, fantasy and horror.
Annihilation, from Jeff Vandermeer’s Southern Reach trilogy is a good example. Perdido Street Station by China Mieville is another. They seem rather appropriate for the times we’re in. How to deal with the world when it makes no sense…
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For rheumatism, take a young fat WHAT?
I’m burying the lede on this one, big time.
I was going through some stuff in storage and found an old book that somehow it made its way to Texas from Milton, Massachusetts.
Dad must have picked it up at a garage sale. He could never resist an old book.
It’s a book of recipes (or receipts as he calls them) and other things everyone should know, from 1874.
The handwriting is hard to read, so I transcribed it the best I could, leaving out a couple of things I couldn’t figure out how to copy. We don’t use a lot of the ingredients in America these days – one in particular.
WAIT till you get to rheumatism remedies 17 and 18. I don’t want to judge people from the olden days. Life was different back then. But if you try to make the recipes, you might sub one particular item. Maybe you could do something with Crisco?
No. 1. Tanic acid will harden the feet. Put a few drops into soft water and wash them.
No. 2. Effects of Camphor on seeds.
Taken from Boston Daily Advertiser, Aug. 7, 74. Very many years ago that water saturated with camphor, had a great effect upon the germination of seeds. It was forgotten, but a German professor revived the idea and establishes the fact that a solution of camphor stimulates vegetables as alcohol does animals. He took seeds some of which were 3 or 4 years of age, dry and hard and put some between pieces of blotting paper simply wet and some of the same seed he put between paper soaked in camphorated water. Where those in the 1st case did not swell at all. Those in the blotter with camphor every seed germinated. The experiment was tried on seeds both old and new and always with a like result showing a singular awakening of Dormant vitalism an a wonderful quickening of growth. It also appears that plants started in this manner continue to grow with much more vigor than those not treated in this way. On the other hand.
Camphor pulverized and mixed with the soil has a bad effect on the seed. Owing probably to its being too strong.
No. 3. Receipt for bluing.
Take one oz. Prussian Blue
¼ oz. oxalic acid. Put into a quart bottle and fill with soft water. Excellent and cheap.
No. 4. Receipt for Cheap Cologne.
10 qts (can’t be quarts, but that’s what it looks like) 85 per cent alcohol
5 oz. essence of Lemon
12 ½ Drachms essence of cedrate
4 oz. essence of Bergamot
1 oz. Essence of Lavender
1 oz. tincture of benzoin. Mix.
No. 5. Spruce Beer
Dissolve 10 lbs. Sugar and 4 oz. of essence of Spruce in 10 gallons of warm water. Allow it to cool a little . Add ½ pint yeast; Bottle immediately.
No.’s 6 and 7 I can’t copy. No. 6 is an Interest Table that goes on for a couple of pages, has math I don’t understand and “ marks going down columns I would never be able to copy. I like how it says “commit to memory.” As if. No. 7 says “Interest rules” and has a division equation in it. I don’t do division. Here are some pics if you want to try and make sense of them. He must have had a small business. Looked him up and it looks like he was a constable.
No. 8. Leather Cement (Good)
Gutapercha
Benzoin
Cloroform
(Equal parts mix)
Warm both parts before applying the cement.
No. 9. Wart acid.
Acetic acid 2 drachams
Citric acid 10 grains
Mix.
No. 10. For Ring-worms.
Apply Rotten Apples or pound up garlic or rub them with juice of house-leak or wash them with oil of sweet almonds and oil of tartar mixed. Or lunar (?) caustic.
12 grains to 1 oz. water. Or apply gunpowder & vinegar
No. 11. For Scald Head
Citrin ointment
Tar
(equal part mix)
Wash the head every morning with castile soap and apply the ointment. This was never known to fail in 35 yrs practice.
Give sulphur and charcoal mixed in molasses to be taken inwardly.
No. 12. Salve.
Take a white turnip and roast it. Scrape it and mix with lard. Good for any sore.
No. 13. Cancer. Balsam.
Take of sorrel salve
Fir Balsam.
Fresh Butter
(Equal parts mix)
Simmer together. Good for cancerous sores or any other sore.
No. 14. Ointment for a feeling like ants crawling.
Iodide of Possassium ½ dracham
Simple cerate 4 oz.
Make and apply.
No. 15. Kelly’s Healing Salve.
Beeswax 4 oz.
Beef tallow or lard 6 oz.
Fir Balsam 4 oz.
Venice Turpentine 2 oz.
Simmer all together except the turpentine, which you add after taking off the fire. Stir until cold.
No. 16. For Stiff Joints
Fish oil
Beef brine
(of each 1 gill – I don’t know what a gill is, but that’s what it looks like)
The yolk of 4 eggs, beat, mix and shake together
Apply three times a day
No. 17. For Rheumatism, gout, cramps, contractions of the sinews etc.
Take a young fat dog. Kill him. Scald him and strip off his hair, then from a small incision, take out the contents of his belly, and put in the cavity two hand fulls of nettles, 2 oz. brimstone, 12 eggs. 4 oz. turpentine well mixed together, then see-saw up his belly and roast him before the fire and save the oil. This is to be applied to the parts affected and warm before the fire.
No. 18. No. 2 of the above Receipt. The dog being prepared in the same manner, fill his belly with a pint of Red pepper a pint of angle worms, the bark of sassafras roots, four green frogs.
Roast in the same manner and save oil. This is a valuable ointment for Rheumatism, contraction of the tendons, Nervous affections affections (that’s what it says – afflictions afflictions?), burns etc.
These preparations although singular are valuable no one need doubt.
(Poor little puppies. At least he thought they were “singular.” And I thought I was scared of grandmother’s home remedies.)
No. 19. For cough and Hoarseness.
Take ½ pt vinegar
2 Lemons
2 oz Garlic
Simmer well together, then strain and add ½ lb. Sugar and ½ pt. Gin, add all together.
Dose ½ wine glass full 3 or 4 times a day.
No. 20. For a Cough
Take equal parts of the lose, coarse, moss which grown on White Oak, White Maple and White Ash trees, make a strong tea. Sweeten and drink freely.
No. 21. Pulmonary Balsam.
For consumption cough if longstanding…
Take of
Spinesnard 6 oz.
Hoarhound 6 oz.
Elecampane 6 oz.
Comphfrey root 6 oz.
Boil in three gallons of water. Reduce down to 2 ½ gallons. Add 3 lbs. white sugar. 1 ½ lbs honey. Clarify with whites of eggs. Let is stand 24 hours in order that it may style. Add 1 qt. Spirit and bottle it for use. Dose… a wine glassfull 3 or 4 times a day.
Excellent
No. 22. To Make Whiskey Cordial
Cinnamon
Ginger
Coriander seeds
(of Each 3 oz.)
Mace. Cloves. Cubebs (It’s a thing. Look it up).
Of each one ounce and half. Add 11 gallons proof spirits and 2 gallons water.. Now tie up 5 oz. saffron. 4 lbs. Raisins with seeds taken out. 4 lbs. Dates. 2 lbs liqorice root. Let it stand 12 hours in 2 gallons of water, strain & add to the above. Sugar to suit.
Proof spirits consists of
Half of each of 95% alcohol and water
No. 23. Liniment for Rheumatism
1 oz. Spirits ammonia
1 oz. Laudanum
1 oz. Oil Origanum
1 oz. Sweet Oil
1 oz. Oil Hemlock
8 oz. 95% alcohol
1 teaspoon Rattle Snakes Oil
Mix
No. 24. For Glue that will never give out.
⅔ pt. Alcohol 95%
½ lb. white glue
¼ lb. white lead
3 oz. American isinglass or fish glue. 1 teaspoon spirits of camphor to 1 qt. Soft water.
First dissolve the glue and isinglass in the water but not. (I don’t know why the sentence ends there but it does)
Boil then add the lead. Then the alcohol & camphor and it is ready to Bottle.
No. 25. Hot Drops…
Gum. Myrrh
Cayenne peper
Common ginger
Red Sanders (for color)
(of each 1 ½ ounces)
Put into 1 gallon of Liquor no mater whether Gin or Whiskey or proof Spirits, but not Rum. Shake once in a while for a day or two and it is fit for use after filtering.
No. 26. Recipe for Dropsy
1 oz. mustard seed
1 oz. Horse Radish
Water or cider 1 pint. Simmer two hours. Dose. 3 Wine glass full four times a day.
No. 27. For Rheumatism
1 qt. Whiskey 2 oz. Gum guiac 2 drachms of Salt Petre. Mix. Dose a wine glassful 3 times a day.
No. 28. For Rheumatism
2 oz. Spirits frument (spiritus frumenti – it’s a kind of liquor)
2 oz. Gum guaiac
2 drachms Nitrate Potass.
Mix. Dose wine glassful 3 times a day.
No. 29. For consumption cough of longstanding
6 oz. Spikenard
6 oz. Hoar hound
6 oz. Elecampane Root
6 oz. Compfrey Root
Boil in 3 gallons of water, Reduce it down to 2 ½ gallons. Add 3 lb. White Sugar. 1 1/2w lb. Honey. Clarify with whites of eggs. Let it stand 24 hours to settle. Add 1 qt. Spirits and Bottle it up. Dose. wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day.
No. 30. Onion Syrup for Cough. Cold etc.
Take any quantity of onions. Roast them on the fire. Peal off the outside and press out the juice and sweeten with honey, molasses or sugar. Teaspoonfull to tablespoonfull according to age.
No. 31. (Blank – Mr. Bronsdon ran out of material and interest and quit filling up the notebook.)
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When disco died in my heart (temporarily)
Foxy – Get Off. I got such a kick out of this video. I remember thinking this song was cool, back when I only heard music on Top 40 AM radio. Not sure what I would’ve thought if I had seen this as a teenager.
Seeing this over the top video of Get Off, by Foxy really took me back. I thought the song was cool when I heard it on the radio. What teenager wouldn’t? It’s about sex. But I definitely imagined them looking so much cooler.
I liked disco as a kid – until I didn’t. It was just one kind of pop music, like R&B or rock. Not that I thought of music in terms of genre back then. You just listened to the Top 40 station (KTSA) and you either liked it or you didn’t.
This is a little playlist I threw together of disco hits I remember liking. There were a lot more. The songs actually sound pretty good to me now.
I was a freshman in high school when I saw a long-haired rock ‘n’ roll dude in a “Disco Sucks” T-shirt. I remember thinking “Somebody had to say it.” I didn’t hate disco exactly. I just realized I was really really tired of it. The fact that I’d just discovered album rock played a big part also.
I didn’t yet know about the “Disco Demolition” incident in Chicago where they blew a bunch of disco records at a Chicago White Sox game and caused a riot. But I wouldn’t have been surprised.
I understand a lot of people put the anti-disco backlash down to racism and homophobia. That was probably part of it. My friend’s dad had some choice nicknames for disco. I’m sure there was a lot of heartburn over the Village People getting as popular as they were.
I liked Disco Duck by DJ Rick Dees – when I was 12. I don’t really want to hear it again.
But mainly I think it was over-saturation. The market did what the market does: took something popular, tried to squeeze out every penny, and ran it into the ground. It was in movies, TV, advertisement jingles. There had to be a disco version of everything, from classical music to jazz.
And you couldn’t escape the Bee Gees, who frankly were too good for their own good. If they weren’t on the radio or TV, they were producing somebody else’s song and singing backup. After a while enough was enough.
It’s been long enough now that I can listen to disco again and enjoy it. Even the Bee Gees. I also like that younger generations don’t have those prejudices against different types of music. Disco is as legit as anything else.
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Happy Fourth of July, I guess…
Best I could do. Couldn’t find my flag.
My father died on this day in 1997. On the Fourth of July. Does that spoil the holiday for me? Not exactly. I’ll just say it’s complicated.
It wasn’t always. July Fourth was a time to reminisce about Dad, who one of the most patriotic people I ever knew. He was literally buried in a casket with a flag under the lid.
He was a soldier musician – a clarinetist in the National Guard band with a sharpshooter medal .
Independence Day was his holiday.
He liked to celebrate with fireworks, as did I. Mom would send him out to stop us kids from blowing each other up and next thing you knew he’d be tossing them in the air, saying “here’s how you do it.”
He grew up playing with cherry bombs, which can totally blow your hand off, so Black Cats and pennyrockets didn’t faze him in the slightest.
I inherited that from him. I’d be in a firecracker war right now if I could.
But now on the Fourth I just wonder what Dad would make of America if he was still around. I’m kind of glad he didn’t live to see it now.
I used to see myself as a patriot and I guess I still do. I was in Boy Scouts. I learned how to raise and lower the flag, how to fold it, how to display it.
These days I don’t think much about the flag unless I see it in public. I have one in the house somewhere, but I can’t find it.
I know how I used to feel about the American flag, but how am I supposed to feel now that I’ve seen it carried next to Nazi flags and Confederate Battle Flags? Now that I’ve seen someone beaten nearly to death with one on TV?
Now I’m kind of afraid to display the flag. I have to wonder what it will say about me to others who saw those same images. I wish I didn’t have to feel that way.
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Celebrating ‘Gotcha Day’
The year I got married, 2014. Dang I looked young back then.
My wife and I got married the day before my birthday, so we wouldn’t forget our anniversary, but as it turns out, we don’t much care about that. We celebrate Gotcha Day. The day we met.
We don’t do anything too extravagant. We reminisce about our date, which started out as a Craigslist hookup and ended up changing both our lives.
We listened to Violator from Depeche Mode (my pick) and Fox Confessor Brings the Flood, by Neko Case (her pick), music we listened to at her old apartment.
Depeche Mode – Policy of Truth. Favorite song from my favorite Depeche Mode album. For a while, I thought Violator was a Greatest Hits album.
Our date started as a Craigslist hookup, back when they still had personals. My previous dates were so awkward and frustrating, I decided I just wanted to have sex with someone I liked.
She had good grammar and spelling. Her ad gave me an idea of her personality and she shared a lot of my interests. She was into sci fi. That was rare.
At the very least I thought she’d be fun to talk to. She was.
Neko Case – Fox Confessor Brings the Flood. I was already a big Neko Case fan, but my wife got me to give this a good listen on our first date. Gorgeous, like most of her music.
We met at a Greek restaurant, near my old neighborhood. I decided to get it out of the way early: “I’m an atheist. I hope you’re OK with that.” I didn’t want to get trapped in that world again.
She surprised me. “Me too.” She was from Austin, but this was still Texas.
The chemistry was pretty obvious even to me, who tended to have a bad read on those situations. We took it to the sports bar next door.
She blushed. I thought it was so cute, I got her to do it again. Finally, she got me to go with her and I followed her home in my car.
The rest is history. At age 47, she became my first girlfriend. I robbed the cradle. She was 36. And yes, she took my virginity. I think I did quite well, thank you very much.
We were both ready for each other. I was ready to stop being alone. She was ready to value herself and quit settling for men who neglected her and took advantage.
I wasn’t in the strictly “hookup” part of the personals – those ads grossed me out – but Craigslist had a reputation.
We’ve been through a lot since then. Our mothers dying, hers while sharing an apartment with us. Covid and the lockdown. Jan. 6. But going through those things together made them bearable.
As long as we have each other we can deal with whatever comes next.
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I don’t think I could handle forever
I just read Stephen L. Peck’s novella, A Short Stay in Hell. Soren Johansson, the main character, finds himself in Zoroastrian hell after mistakenly following the “wrong” religion his whole life (Mormonism).
This particular hell seems pretty tame compared to the fiery fantasies of Christianity. This hell is a huge library full of books. If you find the one with your life story in it, you get to leave.
Problem is, the library is so incredibly immense, it might as well be infinite.
There are so many possible letter combinations, just finding a book that makes sense could take eons.
That got me thinking about just how unprepared the human mind is to handle the concept of infinity. Even heaven would be torture if it was eternal – or so close to eternal as makes no difference.
I’m trying not to spoil the story, but let’s just say that hypothetically, you were alone in that scenario. How would you cope? Seems to me like you’d want to really lean into your imagination.
You’d create characters you could interact with. Over time they’d get more more elaborate. You’d make them unpredictable, because predictable is the last thing you’d want after a few billion years. Sooner or later you’d have a whole universe in your head.
Would those characters know you made them up? Are we a figment of somebody’s imagination?
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Social media and the Icarus of the Sea
So the saga of the billionaire submersible comes to an end. It seems the underwater craft imploded, ending CEO Stockton Rush and his wealthy passengers in the blink of an eye.
It’s been interesting to see how people have been reacting. There are exceptions, but for the most part people don’t seem very fazed by the tragedy. I’ve seen a lot of “too soon” jokes and not much finger wagging.
The Titanic – A spiritual field recording by Alan Lomax at St. Simons Island, April, 1960. Performers include John Davis, Bessie Jones, Emma Ramsay and Hobart Smith.
A lot of it has to do with the hubris and foolhardiness of the CEO. He apparently did it on the cheap, used off the shelf parts and ignored the warnings of people who knew how dangerous it was.
James Cameron made a good point. Kind of ironic how similar Rush’s fate was to that of Captain Smith of the Titanic. One thing’s for sure, Rush will be remembered. He’s become a myth, like Icarus flying too close to the sun.
I can’t say I wouldn’t have done myself in if I’d had the resources to make a submarine. How hard could it be? I grew up on shows like Salvage 1, where Andy Griffith plays a junk man who makes his own spaceship. A lot of the Golden Age sci fi I read had premises like that.
TV in the ’70s was so dumb – and fun. Pretty sure I watched every ridiculous episode.
Mostly though, the lack of empathy toward the CEO seems to be about class. Like why should we care about billionaires when they don’t care about us?
I understand the sentiment to an extent. I was excited when Robert Ballard discovered the wreckage of the Titanic. The thought of colonizing other planets excites me. I have a much harder time caring about “extreme tourism” for the wealthy. Billionaires in space or billionaires under the sea – the rest of the world could really use those resources.
If you’re not careful though, you can get carried away. The guys who died in that sub didn’t deserve it just because they were wealthy.
If you think of it, the wealthy are just as trapped by the system as the rest of us. I’ve actually met a billionaire and I like the guy. He runs an ethical company and believes in paying his taxes (he’s European).
Money is survival and wealth is security. If you don’t have enough, the system will let you die. But how much is enough? If you have a lot, you’re gonna want more, just in case.
The more you have and the less everyone else has, the more you have to close yourself off. You can do it with walls and surveillance, private security, or distance. You can use your influence to keep the people you’re scared of away.
The Bastille was a prison, but so was Versailles. Nobody wants to get robbed or Marie Antoinetted. But the worse life becomes for those people you never see, the more likely it becomes. Poverty is a trap, but so is wealth.
I don’t know how we’re gonna get out of this mess, but billionaires do have a lot of resources. If enough of them could be convinced that we’re all in this together, they could do a lot of good.
It’s worth remembering that FDR, who helped the country out of a depression and got us through a world war, came from the wealthy class.
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